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Pyeongtaek

Coordinates: 36°59′32″N 127°06′46″E / 36.992236°N 127.112821°E / 36.992236; 127.112821
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Pyeongtaek
평택시
Municipal City
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul평택시
 • Hanja平澤市
 • Revised RomanizationPyeongtaek-si
 • McCune–ReischauerP'yŏngt'aek-si
Flag of Pyeongtaek
Flag
Official logo of Pyeongtaek
Emblem of Pyeongtaek
Location in South Korea
Location in South Korea
CountrySouth Korea
RegionGyeonggi Province (Sudogwon)
Administrative divisions4 eup, 5 myeon, 13 dong
Area
 • Total
452.31 km2 (174.64 sq mi)
Population
 (2019 Apr)
 • Total
500,787
 • Density1,107/km2 (2,870/sq mi)
 • Dialect
Gyeonggi
Demonym(s)평택시민 (Pyeongtaek-simin), Pyeongtaeker

Pyeongtaek (Korean: 평택; Korean pronunciation: [ˈpʰjʌŋ.tʰɛk]) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Located in the southwestern part of the province, Pyeongtaek was founded as a union of two districts in 1940, during the Goryeo dynasty. It was elevated to city status in 1986 and is home to a South Korean naval base and a large concentration of United States troops. The South Korean government plans to transform Pyeongtaek to an international economic hub to coincide with the move of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) to Pyeongtaek. During the Korean War, it was the site of an early battle between U.S. and North Korean forces, the Battle of Pyongtaek. It is the location of Pyeongtaek University.

History

[edit]
  • During the Joseon Dynasty, the eastern part of present-day Pyeongtaek (the eastern areas of Pyeongtaek and Songtan city, as well as Jinwi, Seotan, and Godeok-myeon) was part of Chungcheongdo Jinwi County (Jinwi-gun), while the western part (Pohseong, Anjung-eup, and Cheongbuk, Oseong, and Hyeondeok-myeon) was part of Suwon-yusu (Suwon-gun) in Gyeonggi-do. Some parts of the current Paengseong-eup and the southern part of Godeok-myeon were part of Chungcheongdo Pyeongtaek County (Pyeongtaek-gun).
  • June 23, 1895 (lunar May 1): With the implementation of the 23 districts system, Chungcheongdo Jinwi County and Pyeongtaek County were incorporated into Gongju Bu, and Suwon County in Gyeonggi-do was incorporated into Incheon Bu[1].
  • August 4, 1896: With the implementation of the 13 provinces system, Jinwi County in Gongju Bu and Suwon County in Incheon Bu were incorporated into Gyeonggi-do, while Pyeongtaek County in Gongju Bu was incorporated into Chungcheongnam-do.[2].
  • April 1, 1914: Gyeonggi-do Jinwi County was reorganized, incorporating parts of Gyeonggi-do Suwon County and Chungcheongnam-do Pyeongtaek County to form the newly organized Gyeonggi-do Jinwi County.[3] (11 districts)
- Administrative Districts at the Time - North-myeon, Seotan-myeon, Songtan-myeon, Godeok-myeon, Byeongnam-myeon, Cheongbuk-myeon, Pohseong-myeon, Hyeondeok-myeon, Oseong-myeon, Buyong-myeon, Seo-myeon
  • 1926: The Jinwi County office was moved from North-myeon to Byeongnam-myeon.
  • April 1, 1931: Byeongnam-myeon was renamed Pyeongtaek-myeon.
  • April 1, 1934: Buyong-myeon and Seo-myeon merged to form Paengseong-myeon. (10 districts)
  • October 1, 1938: Jinwi County was renamed Pyeongtaek County.[4] Pyeongtaek-myeon was promoted to Pyeongtaek-eup.[5] (1 town, 9 districts)
  • August 1, 1948: North-myeon was renamed Jinwi-myeon.
  • January 1, 1963: Songtan-myeon was promoted to Songtan-eup.[6] (2 towns, 8 districts)
  • May 1, 1979: Paengseong-myeon was promoted to Paengseong-eup.[7] (3 towns, 7 districts)
  • July 1, 1981: Songtan-eup was promoted to Songtan City and separated from Pyeongtaek County.[8] (Pyeongtaek County: 2 towns, 7 districts; Songtan City: 8 districts)
  • February 15, 1983: Parts of Anseong County’s Wongok-myeon (Yongi-ri, Jukbaek-ri, Cheongyong-ri, Wolgok-ri) and Gongdo-myeon (Sosari) were incorporated into Pyeongtaek-eup without consultation with the residents.[9]
  • February 15, 1983: Likewise, parts of Yongin County's Namsa-myeon (Jinmok-ri and Bongmyeong-ri) were incorporated into Pyeongtaek City without consultation with the residents.
  • January 1, 1986: Pyeongtaek-eup was promoted to Pyeongtaek City and separated from Pyeongtaek County.[10] (Pyeongtaek County: 1 town, 7 districts; Songtan City: 8 districts; Pyeongtaek City: 6 districts)
  • January 1, 1987: Parts of Hwaseong County’s Yanggam-myeon (Goryeom-ri) were incorporated into Pyeongtaek City without consulting the residents.
  • July 1, 1987: The Anjung branch office was established (the Pyeongtaek County office was located within the Pyeongtaek City area at the time).
  • April 1, 1989: The jurisdiction of the Anjung branch office was upgraded to Anjung-myeon.[11]
  • April 20, 1995: Parts of Jinwi-myeon (Galgot-ri, Goheon-ri, Cheongho-ri) were incorporated into Osan.
  • May 10, 1995: Songtan City, Pyeongtaek City, and Pyeongtaek County merged to form Pyeongtaek City as a metropolitan city.[12] (1 town, 8 districts, 14 districts)
  • April 19, 1996: Dongbu-dong was renamed Songtan-dong.[13]
  • October 1, 1998: Dowon-dong was merged into Songtan-dong.[14] (1 town, 8 districts, 13 districts)
  • November 5, 2002: Anjung-myeon was promoted to Anjung-eup.[15] (2 towns, 7 districts, 13 districts)
  • December 29, 2006: Pohseong-myeon was promoted to Pohseong-eup.[16] (3 towns, 6 districts, 13 districts)
  • July 28, 2016: Cheongbuk-myeon was promoted to Cheongbuk-eup. (4 towns, 5 districts, 13 districts)
  • April 11, 2019: The population of Pyeongtaek City exceeded 500,000.
  • September 30, 2019: Yongi-dong was split into Yongi-dong and Songtan-dong. (4 towns, 5 districts, 14 districts)
  • October 25, 2021: Dongnak-dong was split into Dongnak-dong and Godeok-dong. (4 towns, 5 districts, 15 districts)
  • November 15, 2021: Godeok-myeon’s Yeom-ri, Yulpo-ri, Jwagyori, and Haechang-ri were changed to Godeok-dong. (4 towns, 5 districts, 16 districts)

Military base

[edit]

The South Korean and United States governments came to an agreement[when?] to enlarge Camp Humphreys—a U.S. Army installation outside Anjeong-ri, a community in Pyeongtaek—and move the majority of US forces stationed in and north of Seoul to the Camp Humphreys area. Invoking eminent domain, the government obtained the surrounding land for the base expansion. This would result in the community's third displacement from their own land since the Japanese occupation during World War II.[17]

The move originally included the headquarters of the ROK/US Combined Forces Command, which has operational control of South Korean, U.S., and U.N. combined forces during wartime. In March 2007, ROK Minister of Defense Kim Jang-soo and U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates agreed to dissolve the ROK-U.S. Combined Forces Command on April 17, 2012.[18] This would allow ROK forces to have wartime control of its military during a military confrontation with the North. The ROK/US agreement allows USFK to move to one centralized location away from the congestion of Seoul and its surrounding areas. This relocation agreement results in returning two-thirds of the land currently used by the United States Military back to the South Korean government. By 2008, the U.S. military was to have consolidated 41 installations down to 10 due to the relocation agreement. USFK's only jail facility in South Korea is at Camp Humphreys.

Osan Air Base is in Songtan, a district in Pyeongtaek.

South African War Memorial

[edit]

The Korean War Monument of the South African Air Force was opened on 29 September 1975 by the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Korea in memory of the 37 South African Air Force members who served during the Korean War.[19][20]

Education

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

Pyeongtaek has a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa), but can be considered a borderline humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) using the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm.

With its low average elevation, Pyeongtaek has the warmest January average temperature in Gyeonggi Province at -4.5°C, and the hottest average temperature in August at 26.4°C. The annual average precipitation is 1,100 mm, with an average of 283.4 mm in July and 207.3 mm in August, the lowest in the province. This is due to the relatively low occurrence of orographic rainfall compared to other regions.[22]

Climate data for Pyeongtaek (1993–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9) 		5.8
(42.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		24.5
(76.1) 		28.3
(82.9) 		30.2
(86.4) 		31.1
(88.0) 		27.0
(80.6) 		21.0
(69.8) 		12.7
(54.9) 		4.8
(40.6) 		18.2
(64.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.0
(28.4) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.9
(42.6) 		12.5
(54.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		22.8
(73.0) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		21.6
(70.9) 		14.9
(58.8) 		7.6
(45.7) 		0.3
(32.5) 		12.9
(55.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.7
(19.9) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		0.3
(32.5) 		6.3
(43.3) 		12.8
(55.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		22.2
(72.0) 		22.6
(72.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		9.3
(48.7) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		8.0
(46.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17.5
(0.69) 		25.0
(0.98) 		33.1
(1.30) 		65.8
(2.59) 		77.6
(3.06) 		109.5
(4.31) 		300.6
(11.83) 		257.1
(10.12) 		139.4
(5.49) 		53.6
(2.11) 		44.3
(1.74) 		20.8
(0.82) 		1,144.3
(45.05)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3.9 4.0 5.3 6.6 6.8 7.0 12.6 11.5 7.7 5.4 7.5 5.6 83.9
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[23]

Notable people

[edit]
  • Park Wan-Kyu, a Korean singer, the 5th and 11th vocalist of rock band resurrection.
  • Lee Eun-Gyeol, a magician and illusionist in Korea.
  • Won Kyun, A military general of the mid Joseon dynasty who served during the Imjin War.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ U.S. Move Is Spurring Evictions In S. Korea (Washington Post article)
  2. ^ Massive Force Mobilized to Evict U.S. Base Protestors (Chosun Ilbo article (English))
  3. ^ Activists Are Only Using the People of Pyeontaek (Chosun Ilbo English Editorial) article
  4. ^ More Violence Looms in Planned Rally at U.S. Base Site
  5. ^ U.S. base expansion in Korea sparks protests (Socialism and Liberation) article

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Decree No. 98, Local System Reform (Lunar May 26, 1895)
  2. ^ Decree No. 36, Local System and Administrative Reforms (August 4, 1896)
  3. ^ Governor-General's Order No. 111 (December 29, 1913)
  4. ^ Governor-General's Order No. 196 (September 27, 1938)
  5. ^ Governor-General's Order No. 197 (September 27, 1938)
  6. ^ Law No. 1177, Law on Establishment of Towns (November 21, 1962)
  7. ^ Presidential Decree No. 9409, Regulations on the Establishment of 53 New Towns (April 7, 1979)
  8. ^ Law No. 3425, Law on the Establishment of Gwangmyeong City and Other Municipalities (April 13, 1981)
  9. ^ Presidential Decree No. 11027, Regulations on the Changes in Districts and the Installation of Townships (January 10, 1983), Article 12
  10. ^ Law No. 3798, Law on the Establishment of 11 Cities and Adjustments to County Jurisdictions (December 28, 1985)
  11. ^ Presidential Decree No. 14629, Regulations on the Changes in Districts (April 20, 1995)
  12. ^ Law No. 4948, Law on the Establishment of 5 Metropolitan Cities and Districts (May 10, 1995)
  13. ^ Municipal Ordinance No. 197 (April 19, 1996)
  14. ^ Municipal Ordinance No. 353 (October 1, 1998)
  15. ^ Municipal Ordinance No. 585 (November 5, 2002)
  16. ^ Municipal Ordinance No. 814 (December 29, 2006)
  17. ^ "Eviction village: A farmer's tale". 27 February 2007 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  18. ^ Changes to Wartime OPCON: Challenges for the ROK Archived 2007-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, Chosun
  19. ^ http://www.bucksvoice.net/bkva/assets/documents/south-africa-dec-2014 Archived 2017-04-25 at the Wayback Machine SOUTH AFRICAN KOREAN WAR VETERANS ASSOCIATION
  20. ^ "South African Embassy, Seoul". www.southafrica-embassy.or.kr.
  21. ^ "Pyeongtaek International Christian School." International School Information (Government of South Korea). Retrieved on March 30, 2016.
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference Pyeongtaek's Nature was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ "Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)" (PDF) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
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36°59′32″N 127°06′46″E / 36.992236°N 127.112821°E / 36.992236; 127.112821

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